Translation and analysis of words by ChatGPT artificial intelligence
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What (who) is éclairage fluorescent - definition
![A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp from an emergency-exit sign. Operating at a much higher voltage than other fluorescents, the lamp produces a low-amperage [[glow discharge]] rather than an arc, similar to a [[neon light]]. Without direct connection to line voltage, current is limited by the transformer alone, negating the need for a ballast.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp.JPG?width=200 "A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp from an emergency-exit sign. Operating at a much higher voltage than other fluorescents, the lamp produces a low-amperage [[glow discharge]] rather than an arc, similar to a [[neon light]]. Without direct connection to line voltage, current is limited by the transformer alone, negating the need for a ballast.")
![A [[Sankey diagram]] of energy losses in a fluorescent lamp. In modern designs, the biggest loss is the [[quantum efficiency]] of converting high-energy UV photons to lower-energy visible light photons.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent Energy.svg?width=200 "A [[Sankey diagram]] of energy losses in a fluorescent lamp. In modern designs, the biggest loss is the [[quantum efficiency]] of converting high-energy UV photons to lower-energy visible light photons.")
![[[Electronic ballast]] basic schematic](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent Lamp Inverter.png?width=200 "[[Electronic ballast]] basic schematic")
![T12 and T8]] G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent lamp hold for T8 and T12 lamps.jpg?width=200 "T12 and T8]] G13 bi-pin fluorescent lamps")
![Light from a fluorescent tube lamp reflected by a [[CD]] shows the individual bands of color.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent lamp spectrum.jpg?width=200 "Light from a fluorescent tube lamp reflected by a [[CD]] shows the individual bands of color.")
![[[Capacitive coupling]] with [[high-voltage power line]]s can light a lamp continuously at low intensity.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Fluorescent tube under electric line.jpg?width=200 "[[Capacitive coupling]] with [[high-voltage power line]]s can light a lamp continuously at low intensity.")
![A [[germicidal lamp]] uses a low-pressure mercury-vapor glow discharge identical to that in a fluorescent lamp, but the uncoated [[fused quartz]] envelope allows ultraviolet radiation to transmit.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Germicidal UV discharge tube glow.jpg?width=200 "A [[germicidal lamp]] uses a low-pressure mercury-vapor glow discharge identical to that in a fluorescent lamp, but the uncoated [[fused quartz]] envelope allows ultraviolet radiation to transmit.")
![A helical cool-white fluorescent lamp reflected in a [[diffraction grating]] reveals the various [[spectral lines]] which make up the light.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Helical fluorescent lamp spectrum by diffraction grating.JPG?width=200 "A helical cool-white fluorescent lamp reflected in a [[diffraction grating]] reveals the various [[spectral lines]] which make up the light.")
![The [[color temperature]] of different electric lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Kelvin Temperature Chart.svg?width=200 "The [[color temperature]] of different electric lamps")
![Top: two non-integrated [[compact fluorescent lamp]]s. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the [[light fixture]]. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leuchtstofflampen-chtaube050409.jpg?width=200 "Top: two non-integrated [[compact fluorescent lamp]]s. Bottom: two fluorescent tube lamps. Both types require a ballast in the [[light fixture]]. A matchstick, left, is shown for scale.")
![ballast]] continually heats the [[cathode]]s at the ends of the lamps. This ballast runs two F40T12 lamps in series.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Magnetek Watt Reducer HPF Rapid Start Ballast.jpg?width=200 "ballast]] continually heats the [[cathode]]s at the ends of the lamps. This ballast runs two F40T12 lamps in series.")
![ballast]] for 18–20 W](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/New GE Ballast.JPG?width=200 "ballast]] for 18–20 W")
![[[Peter Cooper Hewitt]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peter Cooper Hewitt.jpg?width=200 "[[Peter Cooper Hewitt]]")
.png?width=200 "frameless")
![[[Electronic ballast]]s and different compact fluorescent lamps](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/TCS lamps2.jpg?width=200 "[[Electronic ballast]]s and different compact fluorescent lamps")
![Fluorescent spectra in comparison with other forms of lighting. Clockwise from upper left: Fluorescent lamp, [[incandescent bulb]], [[candle]] flame and [[LED lighting]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Various lighting spectrums - Flurescent incandescent diode and candle.jpg?width=200 "Fluorescent spectra in comparison with other forms of lighting. Clockwise from upper left: Fluorescent lamp, [[incandescent bulb]], [[candle]] flame and [[LED lighting]].")
![Voltage and current for a 120 V 60 Hz 30-watt compact fluorescent lamp. Because the current is heavily distorted, the [[power factor]] of this lamp is only 0.61. The lamp takes 29 watts, but 39 [[volt-ampere]]s due to this distortion.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CFL Positive power.png?width=200 "Voltage and current for a 120 V 60 Hz 30-watt compact fluorescent lamp. Because the current is heavily distorted, the [[power factor]] of this lamp is only 0.61. The lamp takes 29 watts, but 39 [[volt-ampere]]s due to this distortion.")
![Characteristic spectral power distributions (SPDs) for an incandescent lamp (left) and a CFL (right). The horizontal axes are in [[nanometer]]s and the vertical axes show relative intensity in arbitrary units. Significant peaks of UV light are present for CFL even if not visible](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Spectral Power Distributions.png?width=200 "Characteristic spectral power distributions (SPDs) for an incandescent lamp (left) and a CFL (right). The horizontal axes are in [[nanometer]]s and the vertical axes show relative intensity in arbitrary units. Significant peaks of UV light are present for CFL even if not visible")
Wikipedia
In molecular biology and biotechnology, a fluorescent tag, also known as a fluorescent label or fluorescent probe, is a molecule that is attached chemically to aid in the detection of a biomolecule such as a protein, antibody, or amino acid. Generally, fluorescent tagging, or labeling, uses a reactive derivative of a fluorescent molecule known as a fluorophore. The fluorophore selectively binds to a specific region or functional group on the target molecule and can be attached chemically or biologically. Various labeling techniques such as enzymatic labeling, protein labeling, and genetic labeling are widely utilized. Ethidium bromide, fluorescein and green fluorescent protein are common tags. The most commonly labelled molecules are antibodies, proteins, amino acids and peptides which are then used as specific probes for detection of a particular target.
